Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Reviewed by Piet H. van der Graaf In 2008 and 2010, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health sponsored two workshops that resulted in the 2011 white paper “Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology in the Post-genomic Era: New Approaches to Discovering Drugs and Understanding Therapeutic Mechanisms,” which is widely accepted to be a milestone marking t...

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacodynamics

FocalinTM XR (dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride) extended-release capsules is an extended-release formulation of dexmethylphenidate with a bi-modal release profile. FocalinXR uses the proprietary SODASTM (Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption System) technology. Each bead-filled Focalin XR capsule contains half the dose as immediate-release beads and half as enteric-coated, delayed-release beads, thus...

Pharmacodynamics in Pharmacology

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacodynamics and Mechanism of Action

Ketamine pharmacology: an update (pharmacodynamics and molecular aspects, recent findings).

For more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent analgesic properties. The active enantiomer is S(+)-ketamine. Ketamine is mostly metabolized in norketamine, an active metabolite. During "dissociative anesthesia", sensory inputs may reach cortical receiving areas, but fail to be perceived in some association areas. Ketamine also enhances the descending inhibi...